Daily food intake, body weight, and weight gain

Based on the data presented in these graphs, the study compares the effects of daily oral administration of allulose and *semaglutide (O-Sema) in *diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.

 

The graphs show that both treatments significantly reduce food intake and body weight compared to the control group (DW), but allulose provides a more sustained weight loss effect during the 16-day treatment and the post-treatment period.

 

Key observations from the graphs

Daily food intake (Graph A)

Both D-Allulose and O-Sema cause a sharp, significant decrease in food intake during the early treatment phase (days 0–3).

By the end of the treatment period (approx. day 10), food intake in both groups begins to return to control levels:

 

Body weight (Graph B) ..

.. and body weight change (Graph C)

Phases of treatment:

• Initial phase (days 0–3)

Both O-Sema and D-Allulose cause a similar, steep decrease in body weight.

• Late phase (days 4–10)

In the D-Allulose group, weight loss continues, while the O-Sema group shows a plateau or a slight "rebound" effect, where the weight loss is less pronounced compared to the initial drop.

• Post-treatment phase (days 11–16)

After discontinuation of the treatment, the D-Allulose group maintains a significantly lower body weight and less weight gain compared to the control group.

In contrast, the O-Sema group shows a faster return to control body weight.

 

Scientific context

Research indicates that while both substances activate anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) neurons in the brain, D-allulose may have a more sustained effect because it also inhibits orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) neurons and utilizes additional pathways, such as vagal afferent signaling.

The effect of O-Sema on body weight in this specific mouse model appears to be more transient after the conclusion of the initial treatment phase.

 

Continue..

 

 

* Semaglutide

Semaglutide is an active ingredient primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and to promote weight loss, but its research and clinical application are also expanding in the areas of metabolic organs (liver) and the cardiovascular system.

What is semaglutide?

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide, meaning it mimics the action of the naturally occurring glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the body.

Forms of administration

Once-weekly subcutaneous injection (e.g., Ozempic, Wegovy), oral tablet (e.g., Rybelsus).

What is it used for?

It has two main indications:

• Type 2 diabetes: used in conjunction with diet and exercise, it improves glycemic control, assists insulin secretion, and inhibits glucagon secretion.
• Treatment of obesity/overweight: for adults with a BMI ≥ 30, or ≥ 27 with weight-related comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia).

Recent studies suggest it is also effective in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), with a response rate of nearly two-thirds in patients.

How does it affect the body?

Semaglutide reduces body weight and blood sugar through multiple mechanisms:

• increases insulin secretion and decreases glucagon secretion,
• slows gastric emptying,
• reduces appetite through central nervous system effects.

Additionally, it positively modifies lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk profiles, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in the appropriate population.

Side effects and safety

The most frequently reported side effects are gastrointestinal in nature:

• nausea, vomiting,
• abdominal pain, diarrhea,
• constipation.

According to recent data, the proportion of patients treated with semaglutide who require emergency care due to these effects is relatively low, and in most cases, these are gastrointestinal symptoms, rarely hypoglycemia or allergic reactions.

Important medical considerations

Semaglutide is a strictly prescription-only medication and, according to professional guidelines, it is a diabetes medication, not a "weight-loss supplement" (even though its weight-reducing effect is potent).

 

* DIO mouse

DIO = Diet-Induced Obesity

The DIO mouse is a mouse model that is fed a very high-fat diet (usually around 60% of the energy from fat), which leads to significant weight gain and obesity within a few months.

In such a model, body weight can increase by more than 100%, and it is used for research into insulin resistance, diabetes, fatty liver, and other obesity-related diseases.